外阴癌的诊治发展现状
乐晓妮;华克勤;
摘要(Abstract):
外阴癌是极罕见的妇科恶性肿瘤,仅占女性恶性肿瘤的1%。其发生部位多集中在阴唇,病灶以外生型和浸润型为主,病理类型以鳞状细胞癌(SCC)居多。外阴癌的首选治疗方法是根治性外阴切除手术或改良的外阴切除术。腹腔镜下腹股沟淋巴结切除术成为新兴的、微创技术,其侵袭性低,将成为今后的主要手术方式。
关键词(KeyWords): 外阴癌;诊断;治疗;腹腔镜手术
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Authors): 乐晓妮;华克勤;
DOI: 10.13283/j.cnki.xdfckjz.2013.07.025
参考文献(References):
- [1]Ahmedin DVM,Rebecca S,Jiaquan X,et al.Cancer Statis-tics,2010[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2010,60(5):277-300
- [2]Hampl M,Deckers-Figiel S,Hampl JA,et al.New aspectsof vulvar cancer:changes in localization and age of onset[J].Gynecol Oncol,2008,109(3):340-345
- [3]Judson PL,Habermann EB,Baxter NN,et al.Trends in theincidence of invasive and in situ vulvar cancer[J].ObstetGynecol,2006,107(5):1018-1022
- [4]Maclean AB.Vulvar cancer:prevention and screening[J].Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol,2006,20(2):379-395
- [5]Hampl M,Sarajuuri H,Wentzensen N,et al.Effect of hu-man papillomavirus vaccines on vulvar vaginal and analintraepithelial lesions and vulvar cancer[J].Obstet Gyne-col,2006,108(6):1361-1368
- [6]De Vuyst H,Clifford GM,Nascimento MC,et al.Preva-lence and type distribution of human papillomavirus incarcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva,vagi-na and anus:a meta-analysis[J].Int J Cancer,2009,124(7):1626-1636
- [7]Van Beurden M,ten Kate FW,Tjong-A-Hung SP,et al.Human papillomavirus DNA in multicentric vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia[J].Int J Gynecol Pathol,1998,17(1):12-16
- [8]Kunjoonju JP,Raitanen M,Grenman S,et al.Identificationof individual genes altered in squamous cell carcinoma ofthe vulva[J].Genes Chromosomes Cancer,2005,44(2):185-193
- [9]Van de Nieuwenhof HP,van der Avoort IA,de Hullu JA.Review of squamous premalignant vulvar lesions[J].CritRev Oncol Hematol,2008,68(2):131-156
- [10]Van der Avoort IA,Shirango H,Hoevenaars BM,et al.Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma is a multifactorial dis-ease following two separate and independent pathways[J].Int J Gynecol Pathol,2006,25(1):22-29
- [11]Fuh KC,Berek JS.Current management of vulvar cancer[J].Hematol Oncol Clin North Am,2012,26(1):45-62
- [12]Hildesheim A,Han CL,Brinton LA,et al.Human papil-lomavirus type 16 and risk of preinvasive and invasivevulvar cancer:results from a seroepidemiological case-control study[J].Obstet Gynecol,1997,90(5):748-754
- [13]Sugiyama VE,Chan JK,Shin JY,et al.Vulvar melano-ma:a multivariable analysis of 644 patients[J].ObstetGynecol,2007,110(2):296-301
- [14]Hampl M,Hantschmann P,Michels W,et al.Validationof the accuracy of the sentinel lymph node procedure inpatients with vulvar cancer:results of a multicenter studyin Germany[J].Gynecol Oncol,2008,111(2):282-288
- [15]De Hullu JA,Hollema H,Lolkema S,et al.Vulvar carci-noma.The price of less radical surgery[J].Cancer,2002,95(11):2331-2338
- [16]Hacker NF,Berek JS,Lagasse LD,et al.Individualizationof treatment for stage I squamous cell vulvar carcinoma[J].Obstet Gynecol,1984,63(2):155-162
- [17]DeSimone CP,Van Ness JS,Cooper AL,et al.The treat-ment of lateral T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinomas ofthe vulva confined to the labium majus or minus[J].Gy-necol Oncol,2007,104(2):390-395
- [18]Tantipalakorn C,Robertson G,Marsden DE,et al.Out-come and patterns of recurrence for International Federa-tion of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stages I andII squamous cell vulvar cancer[J].Obstet Gynecol,2009,113(4):895-901
- [19]Hacker NF,Van der Velden J.Conservative managementof early vulvar cancer[J].Cancer,1993,71(Suppl 4):1673-1677
- [20]Van Der Velden J,Kooyman CD,Van Lindert AC,et al.A stage Ia vulvar carcinoma with an inguinal lymph noderecurrence after local excision.A case report and litera-ture review[J].Int J Gynecol Cancer,1992,2(3):157-159
- [21]Tobias-Machado M,Tavares A,Silva MN,et al.Can videoendoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy achieve a lowermorbidity than open lymph node dissection in penilecancer patients?[J].J Endourol,2008,22(8):1687-1691
- [22]Tobias-Machado M,Tavares A,Ornellas AA,et al.Videoendoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy:a new minimallyinvasive procedure for radical management of inguinalnodes in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma[J].J Urol,2007,177(3):953-957
- [23]Walter F,Correa MT-M.Video-endoscopic inguinal lymph-adenectomy[J].Eur Oncol,2010,6(2):80-84
- [24]Tobias-Machado M,Tavares A,Molina WR Jr,et al.Vid-eo endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy(VEIL):mini-mally invasive resection of inguinal lymph nodes[J].IntBraz J Urol,2006,32(3):316-321
- [25]Delman KA,Kooby DA,Rizzo M,et al.Initial experiencewith videoscopic Iinguinal lymphadenectomy[J].AnnSurg Oncol,2011,18(4):977-982
- [26]Daniela H,Damien R,Schneider N.Video endoscopic-as-sisted inguino-femoral lymphadenectomy(VEIL)insquamous cell invasive vulvar carcinoma:our initial expe-rience[J].Gynecol Surg,2012,9(2):175-178
- [27]Van der Zee AG,Oonk MH,De Hullu JA,et al.Sentinelnode dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vul-var cancer[J].J Clin Oncol,2008,26(6):884-889
- [28]Koh WJ,Chiu M,Stelzer KJ,et al.Combined radiothera-py and chemotherapy in the management of local-region-ally advanced vulvar cancer[J].Int J Radiat Oncol BiolPhys,1993,26(5):809-816
- [29]Gaffney DK,Du Bois A,Narayan K,et al.Patterns of carefor radiotherapy in vulvar cancer:a Gynecologic CancerIntergroup study[J].Int J Gynecol Cancer,2009,19(1):163-167
- [30]Landrum LM,Lanneau GS,Skaggs VJ,et al.Gynecologiconcology group risk groups for vulvar carcinoma:improve-ment in survival in the modern era[J].Gynecol Oncol,2007,106(3):521-525
- [31]Bancher-Todesca D,Obermair A,Bilgi S,et al.Angiogen-esis in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia[J].Gynecol On-col,1997,64(3):496-500
- [32]Blecharz P,Karolewski K,Bieda T,et al.Prognostic fac-tors in patients with carcinoma of the vulva-our own ex-perience and literature review[J].Eur J Gynecol Oncol,2008,29(3):260-263